Discussion

Now that we have examined several primary sources, why do you think it is important to analyze primary sources when studying history?

Analyzing a Primary Source

Samson Rending the Lion, ca. 1497–98. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528) Woodcut; sheet 16 x 11 7/8 in. (40.6 x 30.2 cm) Gift of Georgiana W. Sargent,.

Questions:
1. Who or what is the subject of the visual?

2. Examine the details to determine the historical context of the image.

3. How is the subject depicted?

4. Does the image agree or disagree with known historical facts?

Teams: answer each of these in the comments section below. Make one post for all four questions.

Council of Trent Question 2

How did the acts in this document put the Catholic Church in a better position to combat Protestantism?

Council of Trent Question 1

In what ways do these decrees illustrate the desire for reform within the Catholic Church?

Counter Reformation Question 1

Actual student question:

Why would the Catholic priests and higher church leaders want the people not to read the bible? Why would they just want the people to here the bible at church? Why would they not want to translate the bible into the common language?

Counter Reformation Question 2

Actual Student Question:

Is there any estimate of how many works were destroyed? Also, is it possible that a particular aartist has very little representation because many most, or all of his works were destroyed during these acts of iconoclasm?

Counter Reformation Question 3

Actual Student Question:

When did the Catholic Church get rid of indulgences?

Reformation Question 3

At 2:30 in the video shown in class, they mention that Zwingli believed that Eucharist/communion is completely symbolic and is not literally Jesus' body and blood. My family growing up went to a Baptist church, and I assumed most modern protestants assume that communion is a strictly symbolic exercise. Is that true? If so, when did these beliefs about the Eucharist change?

Reformation Question 2

How does this fracturing of Church power compare to the other major religions (ie. Judaism, Islam, Buddhism)? Is there a theological elite who abruptly lose their power in a similar way? Is it at a similar point in history?

Reformation Question 1

During the Reformation period weren't there more churches that sprouted out from the main church other than the Lutheran Church?

Henry VIII, I am!

Take a look at this excerpt from a history book about Henry VIII. For homework tonight, read this post. Then, pretend you are Henry VIII. Write a letter (on paper) to Pope Leo X justifying the reasons for wanting an annulment from Catherine of Aragon. Be sure to express the actions you (King Henry) will take if your requests are not met.

The Protestant Reformation began with criticism of the Catholic Church by priests and other religious thinkers.  In England, the Reformation began with the king.
    Henry VIII became king of England in 1509 at the age of 17.  As a young king, he was a devout Catholic who wrote angry protests against the "venomous" ideas of Luther.  Henry's actions won him the title "Defender of the Faith". 
    By 1525, Henry's wife, Catherine of Aragon, had borne only one child, a girl named Mary.  This presented a problem for Henry, who wanted a male heir.  It was thought that a female monarch could weaken England politically, and he believed that Catherine would produce no male heir.  Henry decided to have the marriage annulled, or declared invalid based on church laws, so that he could marry again.
    The pope offered Henry several solutions to his problem but would not agree to the annulment because Catherine and her nephew, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, opposed to it.  The dilemma became known as the "king's great matter".  While Henry argued with the pope over his annulment, he fell in love with Anne Boleyn.  Henry soon took matters into his own hands.
    Henry summoned Parliament.  Known as the Reformation Parliament, the gathering led to a declaration that England no longer considered itself under the authority of the Pope.  Instead, Henry himself became the head of the Church of England.  He changed the rituals of the church very little, but Henry closed Catholic monasteries and convents and distributed much of the land to nobles. This helped build more public support for the split from the church.
    In 1533, Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII were secretly married.  Later that year, after Parliament had declared Henry's marriage to Catherine null and void, Anne gave birth to a girl, Elizabeth.  The next year, Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, which required subjects to take an oath declaring Henry VIII to be "Supreme Head of the Church of England".  The break with Rome was complete. (Ramirez, Stearns, and Wineburg, 2008)

Question 3

Why didn't John Wycliffe and John Huss' efforts create a reformation of the church, if they were so successful?

       Where did the  purgatory come from ? 

The Catechism of the Catholic Church defines purgatory as a "purification”. When we die, we undergo what is called the particular, or individual, judgment. Augustine said, in The City of God, that "temporary punishments are suffered by some in this life only, by others after death, by others both now and then; but all of them before that last and strictest judgment". Purgatory is a reminder to us that we are not free to do any evil we like in this life and then just repent when we die and go straight to heaven.

 

   Source: http://www.catholic.com/tracts/purgatory

 

Where Does Purgatory Come From?

 Purgatory comes from a Latin word called purgare that means to clean. According with the Catholic Roman church it is a place that punish those who depart of God's Grace. The faith of the Church concerning purgatory is expressed in the Decree of Union by the council of Florence and it is defined in the Council of Trent.

Moderation Team

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12575a.htm

Where Does Purgatory Come From?

• Purgatory comes from the Latin word “purgare,” which means to make clean, to purify.
• The doctrine of purgatory is based largely on Catholic tradition and was formulated into a cohesive doctrine of the church at the Councils of Florence and Trent.
• 
  
• The doctrine of purgatory comes from the times of the Old Testament.
• Has been part of this faith since the time of christ.

http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.contenderministries.org%2FCatholicism%2Fpurgatory2.php&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGNCl_oDZVpap3O6V3ftX9yCUR3mg

http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.com%2Ftracts%2Fthe-roots-of-purgatory&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGVqFIegJ5w6Y0XK_Vmpk38vHVptQ

Why did Martin Luther's 95 Theses get so much attention? Why did people pay attention to him, while John Huss’ and John Wycliffe's attempts at reforming the Christian Church were less successful?

Martin Luther's 95 thesis got so much attention because they were in the people's language and they were different. No one had stood up by posting anything on the church doors.priva People listened to him because Martin Luther did it more publicly, while John Wycliffe and John Huss did it more secluded. Martin Luther was a "big break" and all of the people listened to him.

Importance of the 95 theses

Why did Martin Luther's 95 Theses get so much attention? Why did people pay attention to him, while John Huss’ and John Wycliffe's attempts at reforming the Christian Church were less successful? The “95 Theses” were written in 1517 by a German priest and professor of theology named Martin Luther. His revolutionary ideas served as the catalyst for the eventual breaking away from the Catholic Church and were later instrumental in forming the movement known as the Protestant Reformation. Luther wrote his radical “95 Theses” to express his growing concern with the corruption within the Church. In essence, his Theses called for a full reform of the Catholic Church and challenged other scholars to debate with him on matters of church policy. Luther sent his 95 Theses to a few bishops and some friends; therefore he did not expect or receive a prompt response. By the end of 1517, however, copies of the 95 Theses had been printed in Leipzig, Nuremberg and Basel. Some humanists and princes passionately approved of the theses, but parts of the Roman Church completely rejected them. The most vehement voice against the theses was the Indulgence Priest Tetzel, who supposedly categorized Luther as a follower of the heretic Jan Hus and threatened to have him burned at the stake. It's important to notice that all of the 95 theses have to do with indulgences. People paid attention to Martin Luther more than the other two because his 95 theses had a huge impact on the people. He had spoken against the church in such a big way and he was a monk! People who heard/read the 95 were able to know that it was true because he backed it up with scriptural evidence and the printing press was coming out which would allow for others to compare his 95 theses to the bible. He was the first really "bang" to start off the whole idea of how the church was curupt. SOURCES: Http://questions.org/95-theses.html#ixzz3KhYqDRxb http://www.climateers.org/eng/phpModules/googlesearch.php?act=url&q=http://www.luther.de/en/anschlag.html&sa=U&ei=UfgsVPheh-TwBbqCgeAG&ved=0CDEQFjAE&usg=AFQjCNFKuyuVNvs7HnKv4_zlAWON4m0XlQ http://www.christian-history.org/95-theses.html Pages team :)

Question 6

Was the Pope the richest man in Europe during Martin Luther's time?

Question 5

What are the 95 things Luther said were wrong about the Catholic church? Can someone list those?

Question 4

What are indulgences? I don't get it??

Question 2

So Luther was excommunicated at the Diet of Worms. My interpretation of excommunication is that you are essentially condemned to hell unless you can somehow take back what got you excommunicated. Is my interpretation correct or am I taking it a step too far?

Question 1

What is a heresy?

Roman Catholic Church History

Hello Class, 

Below are the questions that I displayed in class today. You will have time to research and post about these in your teams tomorrow! 

1.Where did the doctrine of purgatory come from?

2. If the printing press had been around for less than 100 years prior to the translating of the Bible, were there really that many people that had learned to read all throughout Europe (so that they could read the newly-translated Bible) or were they still dependent on just a handful of people in the community to tell them what the Bible said?

3. Why did Martin Luther's 95 Theses get so much attention? Why did people pay attention to him, while John Huss’ and John Wycliffe's attempts at reforming the Christian Church were less successful?